|
Herne Bay is a seaside town in Kent, South East England, with a population of 38,563. On the south coast of the Thames Estuary it is north of Canterbury and east of Whitstable. It neighbours the ancient villages of Herne and Reculver and is part of the City of Canterbury local government district. Herne Bay's seafront is home to the world's first freestanding purpose-built Clock Tower, built in 1837; from the late Victorian period until 1978, the town had the second-longest pier in the United Kingdom.〔(Herne Bay Pier ) at www.theheritagetrail.co.uk (accessed 7 July 2008)〕 The town began as a small shipping community, receiving goods and passengers from London en route to Canterbury and Dover. The town rose to prominence as a seaside resort during the early 19th century after the building of a pleasure pier and promenade by a group of London investors, and reached its heyday in the late Victorian era. Its popularity as a holiday destination has declined over the past decades, due to the increase in foreign travel and to a lesser degree exposure to flooding that has prevented the town's redevelopment. == History == The town of Herne Bay took its name from the neighbouring village of Herne, two kilometres inland from the bay. The word herne, meaning a place on a corner of land, evolved from the Old English ''hyrne'', meaning corner. The village was first recorded in around 1100 as Hyrnan. The ''corner'' may relate to the sharp turn in the minor Roman road between Canterbury and Reculver at Herne.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = bbc.co.uk )〕 One of the oldest buildings in Herne Bay is the late 18th-century inn, The Ship, which served as the focal point for the small shipping and farming community which first inhabited the town. During this time, passenger and cargo boats regularly ran between Herne Bay and London and boats carrying coal ran from Newcastle. From Herne was easy access by road to the city of Canterbury or to Dover, where further passage by boat could then be obtained across the English Channel to France. The 1801 census recorded Herne Bay, including Herne, as having a population of 1,232.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Kent Archaeological Society )〕 During the early 19th century, a smugglers' gang operated from the town.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Smuggling.com )〕 The gang were regularly involved in a series of fights with the preventive services until finally being overpowered in the 1820s.〔 In the 1830s, a group of London investors, who recognised Herne Bay's potential as a seaside resort, built a wooden pier and a promenade on the town's seafront. This and the subsequent building of a railway station led to the rapid expansion of the town; between 1831 and 1841 the town's population grew from 1,876 to 3,041.〔 The London businessmen intended to rename the town St Augustine's, but the name was unpopular with residents and the "Herne Bay" remained.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Herne Bay Town Partners )〕 In 1833, an Act of Parliament established Herne Bay and Herne as separate towns. Local landowner Sir Henry Oxenden donated a piece of ground for the site of the town's first church, Christ Church, which was opened in 1834.〔 In 1837, Mrs Ann Thwaytes, a wealthy lady from London, donated around £4,000 to build a clock tower on the town's seafront.〔 It is believed to be the first freestanding purpose built clock tower in the world.〔 During the 1840s, steamboats began running between Herne Bay and London. There was a type of beach boat unique to Herne Bay and nearby Thanet, known as the Thanet wherry,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = ThamesBarge.org.uk )〕 a narrow pulling boat about long. These boats were mainly used for fishing; however, with the advent of tourism and the decline of fishing, they became mainly used for pleasure trips. A document dated 1840 records the town as having the following schools, all of which are now defunct: Haddington boarding school, Oxenden House, The British School, Prospect Place and Herne Street School.〔 The village of Herne was often called Herne Street around this time. The same document also mentions the still-existing Rodney Head, The Ship and Upper Red Lion inns. In 1912, the first "Brides in the Bath" murder by George Joseph Smith was committed in Herne Bay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Metropolitan Police Service )〕 BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort, was one of people to conceive the idea of a police box as a time machine for ''Doctor Who''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Doctor Who fan in tardis replica plan for Herne Bay )〕 During World War II, a sea-fort was built off the coast of Herne Bay and Whitstable, which is still in existence. The coastal village of Reculver, to the east of Herne Bay, was the site of the testing of the bouncing bomb used by the "Dam Busters" during the war.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herne Bay, Kent」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|